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Civil and Environmental Engineering

In-Text Citations

ASCE uses the author-date method of in-text citations where the citation contains the last names of the authors and then the year; a comma is not placed between them. Do not use endnotes or footnotes; instead place in-text citations directly in your paper.

Examples for one author:

  • …yielded varying results (Klor 2022).
  • “…contamination levels continue to rise” (EPA 2021).

Examples for two authors:

  • …increased water levels. (Smith and Jones 2019).
  • “…lead to decreased concentrations” (Marks and Smith 2020).

Examples for three or more authors:

  • One recent report (Smith et al. 2012) found evidence that…
  • “…by limit equilibrium analysis” (Schwarz et al. 2015).

If you are citing multiple sources, list them in alphabetical order by author’s last name and use a semi colon to separate them.

  • Many of these studies focus on risk assessment (Klor 2022; Schwarz et al. 2015).
  • Recent reports (Carson 2006; EPA 2021; Marks and Smith 2020)….

If an author is mentioned directly in a sentence, indicate the year of publication in parenthesis following the author’s name.

  • Carson (2006) finds evidence that…
  • A recent report by ASCE (2022) shows…
  • Smith and Jones (2019) clearly indicate that…